BEIJING • China has launched an ambitious effort to challenge the US dominance in blockchain technology, which it could use for everything from issuing digital money to streamlining a raft of government services to tracking Communist Party loyalty.
The technology received a crucial endorsement from President Xi Jinping last week, a signal that the government sees blockchain as an integral part of the nation's plan to become a high-tech superpower.
Beijing is the latest in a handful of countries to have adopted a law strictly governing the encryption of data, particularly blockchain technology, which allows the storage and direct exchange of data without going through an intermediary.
Reputedly unfalsifiable, block-chain is a database shared across a network of computers. Once a record has been added to the chain, it is almost impossible to change.
It is perhaps best known for underpinning the operation of cryptocurrencies such as bitcoin, which Beijing may seek to replicate as it pushes ahead with its plans for a world-leading government-run digital currency.
Although the new law for blockchain "is still rather vague", the country is clearly one of the most active in terms of regulation, Mr Stanislas Pogorzelski, editor of specialist site Cryptonaute.fr, told Agence France-Presse.
"China has understood very well that to stay a superpower, you have to be at the forefront of new technologies."
Blockchain is set to play a key role in many sectors in the future, including digital finance, the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence and 5G. It could also serve to make China's vast bureaucratic system more efficient.
The official Xinhua news agency said a blockchain-based system had been used for the first time to automatically generate and file an enforcement case in a Chinese court against a party who failed to pay damages in a mediation agreement.
With less human intervention, such systems could make judicial enforcement in China "more intelligent and transparent", Xinhua said.
Chinese shares jumped last week as investors piled into stocks linked to blockchain, after Mr Xi said China should step up research and development of the technology.
"Blockchain should play a bigger role in strengthening Chinese power in cyberspace, developing the digital economy and promoting socioeconomic development," he said.
Mr Anthony Pompliano, who writes a daily cryptocurrency newsletter, said: "The general sentiment of Xi's comments was simple. Blockchain technology is really important for the future and China plans to be the global leader."
According to analyst Kai von Carnap of the Mercator Institute for Chinese Studies, blockchain-backed tools have potential applications that go well beyond improving administrative efficiency in China.
"More interesting will be those targeting party discipline, internal stability and ideological loyalty," Mr von Carnap told AFP.
One example is a newly launched app by the Communist Party asking members to explain why they joined and what party loyalty means to them. Blockchain technology is used to store their responses on a permanent, widely distributed ledger - recording their thoughts in cyberspace forever.
As China trumpets its push for more blockchain technology, it is hoping to outpace its trade-war rival, the United States, whose President Donald Trump tweeted his disdain for cryptocurrencies in July: "I am not a fan of bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies, which are not money, and whose value is highly volatile and based on thin air."
Last year, China released a damning report on existing digital currencies, saying they were "increasingly used as a tool in criminal activities".
But while Beijing banned cryptocurrencies two years ago, it is fast-tracking preparations for its own state-run virtual currency, to facilitate transactions and reduce costs.
China's mooted e-cash system will be tightly regulated, experts say, and run by the People's Bank of China.
